Neurobiology of Acupuncture: The 2026 Mapping
By early 2026, advanced neuroimaging (fMRI and PET scans) has successfully mapped how specific acupoints correlate with distinct brain networks. Acupuncture is now understood as a physical stimulus that triggers the nervous system to release an "internal pharmacy."
When a needle is inserted into an acupoint, it activates sensory nerve fibers that transmit signals to the brainstem and hypothalamus. This process stimulates the release of:
Endogenous Opioids: Endorphins and enkephalins that provide natural pain relief.
Neurotransmitters: Serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which regulate mood, sleep, and the body's stress response.
Neurotrophic Factors: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is increased, suggesting that acupuncture may have neuroprotective effects that help in stroke recovery and neurodegenerative diseases.